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GM didn’t just devote its production facilities to war materiel production. Many were used in the Normandy invasion in June, 1944, and, in March, 1944, 370 helped to move several Allied armies across the Rhine River into Germany after the Germans destroyed the bridges. The majority of early built Ducks went to North Africa and from there 100 of them invaded Italy. Thereafter, Ducks were used in every amphibious operation in both the European and Pacific theaters. The public first learned of their existence then when photos were published showing them plunging through 15 ft.
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In 1943, central tire inflation became available to allow the driver to lower tire pressure for better traction on sand or soft soil, using instrument panel mounted controls.ĭucks were first deployed in an amphibious landing on the island of Noumea in the South Pacific in March, 1943. A major advantage was that no special preparation was required before entering the water. Special equipment included a propeller and rudder under the stern (rear end to you truckers), 3 bilge pumps, an anchor and a rear-mounted winch.
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Powered by the 102 hp GMC 270 inline 6 gas engine, it had a 5-speed manual transmission and a 2-speed transfer case driving all 3 axles. It was basically a steel boat hull mounted on a GMC CCKW353, 2-1/2 ton 6×6 truck chassis. Officially called model DUKW353, 2-1/2 ton 6×6, Amphibious Troop/Cargo Carrier, it was rated to carry 25 men with equipment or 5,000 lbs. It served in a list of storied invasions and the design was so durable that Ducks are still in service carrying tourists in a number of locations around the world.įrom the General Motors Heritage Collection: The US Army ordered 2,000 but over the duration of the war GM built over 21,000 Ducks in the Pontiac GMC plant. It took them only 43 days after the job was assigned and contracts signed to build the prototype. The Duck was designed jointly by GMC Truck Engineering and the naval architecture firm of Sparkman and Stevens.
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The amphibious vehicles that GM made included the “Duck”, the GMC DUKW353. To go with the cannons and guns, GM also made over a hundred million artillery shells and about 40 million cartridge cases. It made over 300,000 precision gyroscopes, critical for aircraft navigation, along with millions of electric motors and fuses, and hundreds of millions of ball and roller bearings. The automaker also produced almost 2 million machine and submachine guns, and over 3 million carbines along with 190,000 cannons. However, GM’s contribution was not just restricted to automotive technologies. That’s the kind of war materiel you’d expect from a major car company. The company assembled 38,000 armored vehicles including tanks and tank destroyers. In addition to building over 850,000 trucks and amphibious vehicles for the war effort, GM built about 200,000 diesel engines for tanks and landing craft and about the same number of airplane engines. While Ford’s production of B-24s at Willow Run, and Chrysler’s tank plant in Warren probably get more attention from historians, the fact is that General Motors was the single largest provider of war material to the Allied forces.
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Herman will have a lot of material to work with.Today we’ll be looking at the role of the Big Three automakers in war production, starting with General Motors. As a matter of fact, historian Arthur Herman is currently working on a book about the “arsenal of democracy”, American industry during the war. This is only the most cursory review of the topic, which truly deserves a book length treatment. Because that mobilization was so extensive, the conversion to military production so complete, a blog post by it’s very nature cannot really do the subject justice. To commemorate Memorial Day here in the US, we’re taking a look at how the American auto industry was mobilized into war production for World War Two. Tank testing at General Motors’ Milford Proving Grounds